Who Governs AI? Public and Private Dynamics in the EU’s Multi-Level Architecture

Abstract

This panel examines how authority over artificial intelligence is shaped through various legislative debates, implementation frameworks, and administrative practices. The contributions explore the European Parliament’s role in regulating general-purpose AI via the AI Act, the European Commission’s increasing influence in guiding AI standardisation, and the role of European Digital Innovation Hubs in promoting AI deployment within the EU and in enlargement contexts. Emphasis is also placed on public administration, demonstrating how civil servants and leadership practices affect AI’s democratic impact. The panel depicts AI governance as a multi-layered, public-private process influenced by institutions, expertise, and everyday administrative interpretation.

Title	Details
General-Purpose AI regulation: The European Parliament and the AI Act	View Paper Details
Rethinking the Civil Service in the Age of AI: Leadership for Transforming Public Governance	View Paper Details
The changing role of the European Commission in standard-setting for the AI Act	View Paper Details