I have argued that empathy is important for democracy, but many have misunderstood what it is. To address this confusion, I developed the multi-dimensional Process Model of Empathy. Using this model, I argue that empathy is important for theories of agonistic pluralism expostulated by Chantal Mouffe, William Connolly, and Bonnie Honig. Agonistic pluralism cannot function without putting the process of empathy at its heart; this implies that agonistic pluralism places too much emphasis on conflict. Contrary to the claims of Robert Glover, agonistic respect is an insufficient basis for addressing the role of emotions in a democratic society. Alternatively, some combination of agonism and deliberation may be preferable, although whatever theory remains persuasive, the process of empathy is crucial for a well-functioning democracy.
