Clustering Russian ‘Open Government’: Building Designs of Participatory Procedures for Inclusion

The paper concerns contemporary Russian trends in policy engagement of citizens and civil society through building networks of ‘open government’. In the developing public administrative systems often cooperation between governmental institutions and civil associations demonstrate partial effect, which is associated not only with blanks of implementation of good institutions, but also of imitation of its activity. Networks of "Open Government" in Russia are often called like such incomplete (imitational) structures. The article describes the process of network learning in incomplete or imitational structures. Using network clustering method the author demonstrates five visible and invisible clusters of Russian ‘open government’ with different resources and knowledge control. These networks demonstrate contradictory designs of participatory procedures for inclusion in policy process and different modes of network learning.