Women's Political Leadership in Asia: Assessing the Gender Balance of Power

Cross-national studies of women’s political leadership (WPL) usually focus on female prime ministers and presidents or numbers of women in parliament. While illuminating, they fail to provide a comprehensive assessment of WPL in a particular place and time. Addressing this gap in the literature, we assert that WPL is inherently a collective phenomenon contingent upon the theoretical concepts of ‘structural power’ and ‘male dominance’ encompassing multiple formal apex political decision-making institutions. In accordance with this perspective, we have constructed a novel Women’s Political Leadership Index (WPLI) based on collective leadership across judicial (high court judges), executive (cabinet ministers), and legislative branches (parliamentary committee chairs) of governments. Applying our index to twenty-one diverse territories in Asia, we demonstrate the utility of our approach through a series of country case studies illustrating four prominent patterns of WPL - exclusion, illusion, imbalance, and balance. We conclude by discussing strategies for further refining and globally expanding the scope of the index.