Educational Reform, Polarization and Multiculturality

This work shows an analysis of the Ecuadorian educational reform of 2016, which had as a novelty a strong emphasis on citizen training from a historical, political and legal approach to citizen practices (Siede 2013), through the subjects of History, Philosophy and Education in Citizenship. In this sense, this research investigates the ways in which these subjects are instilled in Ecuador within state school textbooks to find out if it generates a liberal or civic republican type of citizenship (Walzer 2001). And within this conceptualization, understand if the Ecuadorian nature imparted is based on the understanding of citizenship as a national group of different ethnic groups and cultures based on the Ecuadorian territory, in which they have the possibility of accessing quality educational and health services. Or rather, it proposes a theoretical, philosophical and institutionalist approach far removed from the Ecuadorian reality regarding the exercise of citizenship. All this, under the complement of ethnographic work with young graduates from different educational centers from 2017, many of them former students of the researcher, in order to contrast the quality of this reform in the implementation in the classroom. Finally, it is important to mention that this analysis has as its fundamental objective to understand if this educational reform cooperates in reducing or increasing the high sociopolitical polarity typical of contemporary life in various regions of the world in a context of Globalization, from which Ecuador has not been seen exempt