Comparative analysis of fact-checking and journalism practices in the European context

In recent years, the phenomenon of fact-checking has been on the rise. Indeed, according to data compiled by the Duke Reporter's Lab as of November 2023, a total of 424 fact-checking outlets are registered worldwide. The disruption in the business model of traditional media, the erosion of journalism standards, the lack of public empowerment, and the challenges posed by hybrid media systems have given rise to diverse fact-checking initiatives aimed at combating disinformation. These organizations coexist with journalistic practices carried out by traditional media, as distinct actors in the same scenario. Using a comparative approach, the research identifies and examines representative cases from various European countries. Through a combination of qualitative content analysis and interviews with key stakeholders, we seek to uncover the underlying factors influencing the dynamics between fact-checkers and journalists in each context. Preliminary results indicate that while both actors share a similar background and their practices originate from a common source, their interests differ.