From Local to Global: Assessing European Solidarity through the Lens of Ukraine Aid

This study investigates the link between general forms of solidarity and specific support for Ukraine aid. We test five solidarity types distinguishing the level and radius of solidarity, expectations of help from others, as well as gaps between solidarity and reciprocity. Survey data from 16 EU countries manifest that "General Humanitarians," regardless of national boundaries, show the strongest support, while "National Europeanists" and “EU Aid Givers," also agree to support Ukraine. In contrast, Nationalist Aid Givers, who see solidarity as nationally bounded, show less support. Most importantly, Ukraine support relates to the expectation of help from EU countries, which is based on policy benefits and experiences within the EU. Finally, we also find that humanitarian values can drive support independently of reciprocity expectations.