The Great Wall or the Great Network: The case of China Space Exploration Program from the perspective of network approach

The flourishing development of China in almost every possible field appears to be a phenomenon that continually captivates international studies worldwide. Literature reviews of innovation research performed to understand the global giant emergence distinctly indicate that the network theory is increasingly being applied as a pivotal paradigm in explaining this dynamic growth, shaping new frontiers of development. The first goal of this presentation is to present the network co-created by the Chinese state administration and industry to develop its independent capabilities in space: the seeds of space business, opportunities to obtain scientific data for climate change monitoring, urban planning or a prestigious permanent presence in Earth orbit. Secondly, the centrality and connectivities will be pinpointed according to Sabatier’s approach to prove the program’s characteristics as a multi-level governed structure. This approach uncovers the complex interplay of actors, interests, and institutions involved in propelling China's endeavours in the space domain. By comprehensively examining the interconnected coalitions of interests, clustering ecoefficiency of these cooperative efforts, and strategic collaborations within this framework, this presentation endeavours to offer a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted dynamics driving China's dynamic ascent in the realm of advanced technologies: its broader implications for global innovation and development paradigms. As a potential challenge for this process, international tensions, or internal shifts in China's power structure may apply. Any kind of political turmoil could significantly influence how China develops its space capabilities and its ability to sustain long-term cooperation on the international stage. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers, as well as policymakers, and the educational sector in developing an integrating strategic and effective approach that promotes sustainable cooperation with China by using an improved understanding of their networked policy mechanisms.