Exploring the Environmentalism of Right-Wing Populist Governments: The Cases of Hungary and Turkey

This study critically examines the climate policy positions of right-wing populist (RWP) governments, focusing on Hungary and Turkey as key case studies. Using a Most-Similar Systems Design (MSSD), the research explores both the similarities and nuanced differences in the motivations and instruments shaping RWP climate policies. Qualitative methods, including document analysis and semi-structured expert interviews, are employed to collect data. Findings reveal that RWP governments’ adoption of climate-friendly policies is largely a strategic move to capitalize on political opportunities, sustain public support, and consolidate power, rather than a genuine commitment to ecological ideals. By analyzing the climate policy institutions, processes, and instruments in Hungary and Turkey, the study highlights how RWP subtypes and EU membership status account for variations in their climate positions. The research offers valuable insights for policymakers and scholars seeking to understand the complexities of RWP environmentalism and its broader implications for transnational climate governance.