On the Threshold of Space Warfare

The weaponization of outer space in the context of anti-satellite weapons development and testing is a highly discussed topic with the consequence for the future peaceful uses of outer space. However, the significance of space “grey zone” that foreshadows space warfare is often neglected. Space hybrid operations are conducted in this blurred line below the threshold of conflict. Nevertheless, they represent an important element in space weapon testing, power projection, and assessing potential adversaries. Thus, this paper aims to analyze space hybrid operations and their geopolitical impact in space contest between major space powers. The paper will discuss the current space hybrid threats with their implications for space actors and elaborate on the geopolitical rivalries between space powers and further consequences for space warfare strategies.