Unpacking dynamics of diverse nested resource systems through a diagnostic approach

The social-ecological systems (SES) framework typologically decomposes characteristics of an SES into nested, tiered constituent variables. Yet, aligning concepts of resource system (RS) and resource unit (RU) with realities of individual case studies pose challenges if the underlying SES is not a single RS, but a larger nested RS (NRS). Using a diagnostic approach, we describe NRSs – observable in larger SESs - dependent upon activities and networks of adjacent action situations (NAAS) containing them. An NRS includes the larger RS and multiple interlinked semi- autonomous subsidiary RSs, each of which support simultaneous, differently managed appropriation of individual RUs, adding ambiguity to the goods typology. NRSs bring about a subcategory of NAAS stemming from biophysical and social ties between different action situations. We further identify NAASs operating within NRSs in two diverse empirical cases - networked lake systems in Bengaluru, India and German wheat breeding systems- representing a lever towards understanding transformation of SESs into sustainable futures. This paper critically contributes towards diagnosing complexities within mid to large scale RSs and their governance. It provides a generalizable, rigorous approach to SES case study analyses, aiding mid-range theory building, thus advancing synthesis in sustainability science.