Solidarity frames in Europe: Integrating partisan supply and public demand

In a globalized and hyper-individualized era, European political parties deploy conflicting frames on how and why solidarity can be preserved. In this paper, we test how the solidarity preferences of European citizens reflect the solidarity frames that are prevalent in the communication of their preferred political parties and their particular welfare state context. We use multilevel modelling of the solidarity choice sets with which citizens were asked what they think are the three most important aspects of a good society. Each option in these sets corresponds to a particular solidarity frame. The data covers citizens of 17 EU states and is based on the 2022 wave of the SiE YouGov data collected by the EUI. We know partisan differentiation along solidarity lines is growing and our first results indicate that this produces more diverse solidarity preferences among the public as well.