Theme 3: The inclusion of marginalized groups

This theme brings up how informal institutions can both subvert formal reform, yet also provide another route for change when formal institutions continue to pose barriers to inclusion. Kristin N. Wylie and Malu A.C. Gatto will discuss the potential informal institutions to cultivate alternative incentives for more collectivist politics, providing important examples of the ways in which politically marginalized groups can themselves draw on informal institutions to circumnavigate exclusionary formal institutions.