An Analytical Framework for Assessing the EU’s Response to the Autocratisation Challenge in its Neighbourhood

This paper introduces a comprehensive analytical framework designed to facilitate the mapping and evaluation of the European Union’s response to the challenges posed by autocratisation in its immediate neighbourhood, i.e. in the enlargement area and in the countries that are part of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). By accounting for the changing political landscapes and shifts toward autocracy within the EU's neighbourhood, the paper lays the groundwork for a comprehensive examination of the interactions between EU and domestic actors in response to the autocratisation challenge. The framework proposed by this paper fosters a wide and in-depth analysis of the EU's multi-faceted approach to addressing autocratisation and promoting democracy, by accounting for the diverse array of instruments, policies, and engagements undertaken by EU actors within the broader European neighbourhood. Highlighting the importance of understanding the nuances and complexities of autocratisation and dissensus over liberal democracy, as well as the specificities of a country’s historical legacies, political systems and relations with the EU, this framework aims to offer a robust foundation for understanding the evolution of EU's initiatives in response to autocratisation challenges. This introduction will outline critical considerations and avenues for analysing and understanding the EU's responses to the autocratisation challenge in its neighbourhood.