Citizenship policies

Abstract

The concept of citizenship expands and differentiates, and so there are many citizenships, and numerous policies that shape them. Such policy influences can be intentional, or citizenship frameworks and citizenship regulations may change as byproducts from other political processes, such as COVID or Brexit, which have had profound repercussions on governmental citizenship frameworks . On the other hand, environmental citizenship is steadily evolving in citizenship policies at different governance levels. Sometimes citizenship policies are deeply conflictual. Multiculturalism and claims from disadvantaged groups lead to development of citizenship policy initiatives, but such moves are also controversial and lead to conflicts, resistance and mobilization.

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