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Introduction to Relational Social Science - Pragmatic Analytics

Course Dates and Times

Monday 31 July - Friday 4 August

09:00-12:30

Please see Timetable for full details.

Patrick Thaddeus Jackson

ptjack@american.edu

American University

The purpose of this course is to introduce you to a distinctive style of “thinking politics”: processual rather than substantialist, relational rather than essentialist, configurational rather than case-comparative. Relational analytics have their philosophical roots in pragmatism and parallels with some currents in post-structuralism, and have traditionally been more in evidence in sociology (particularly historical sociology) than in political science and international studies, but the problems of various attempts to explain political outcomes by correlating attributes of units over time and across space have led some scholars to the conclusion that the best solution might be a comprehensive ontological re-visioning of the subject-matter at hand. Instead of looking for essential properties of political actors or universally reliable indicators of future outcomes, a relational sensibility highlights process, emergence, and the myriad ways that concrete social interaction and transaction brings about contingent arrangements of meaningful practice. Primarily a theoretical move, but with some methodological affinities, a relational turn points toward a way to ground social-scientific scholarship in everyday social practices without sacrificing causal explanation or theoretical generality.


Instructor Bio

Patrick Thaddeus Jackson is Professor of International Studies, and Director of the AU Honors Program, at the American University in Washington, DC.

His award-winning book The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations was published by Routledge in a second, revised edition in 2016.

At present he is working on projects on explanation in the social sciences, theological responses to climate change, and the theory and methodology of Max Weber.

Patrick's personal website

Twitter icon  @profptj

In this whirlwind tour of relational thinking, after looking at some of the philosophical and conceptual origins of relationalism, we will focus on three “flavors” of relationalism in the social sciences: the network analysis of social positions, the distinctive style of discourse analysis best characterized as the examination of “words in their speaking,” and practice theory. We conclude the week with an examination of what it means to engage in a configurational analysis, as distinct from the other kinds of (broadly neopositivist) causal analysis on offer in the social sciences. That having been said, this is neither a technical “research design” nor a “proposal writing” class, but is pitched as a somewhat broader level of theoretical abstraction; it is more ontological and conceptual than it is technically operational. As we proceed through the course, however, you should try not to lose sight of the fact that the point of theoretical reflection is to inform practical research. Treat this course as an opportunity to set aside some time to think critically, creatively, and expansively about the consequences of fundamental relationality for your own research. Throughout the course we will make reference to exemplary work from Anthropology, Economics, Sociology, and Political Science; students will be encouraged to draw on their own disciplines as well as these others in producing their reflections and participating in our lively discussions. Assigned readings are drawn primarily from international studies and from Sociology, and lectures will seek to illuminate the contexts of these works; seminar discussions will focus on elucidating the arguments of these texts and their implications for various modes of social-scientific research; in-class workshop activities (and assignments for course credit) will focus on encouraging students to connect the theoretical issues to questions and concerns in their home fields and disciplines, and to their own research projects and interests.

Nothing specific required except a willingness to unlearn the default theoretical background we have inherited from the tradition of European metaphysics.

Day Topic Details
Monday Lecture

From entities to processes

Tuesday Lecture

Positions: social networks

Wednesday Lecture

Transactions: relational discourse analysis

Wednesday Seminar

“Words in their speaking”

Thursday Lecture

Practices: competent performances

Monday Seminar

A relational vocabulary

Tuesday Seminar

Ties instead of attributes

Thursday Seminar

Rules and rule-following

Friday Lecture

Configurations

Friday Seminar

Explanation without generalization

Day Readings
Monday

Mustafa Emirbayer, “Manifesto for a Relational Sociology” (American Journal of Sociology 103:2, 1997); Charles Tilly, “International Communities, Secure or Otherwise” (in Adler and Barnett, eds., Security Communities, Cambridge UP 1998);
Andrew Abbott, “Things of Boundaries” (Social Research 62, 1996).

 

Tuesday

Padgett and Ansell, “Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400-1434” (American Journal of Sociology 98:6, 1993); Nexon and Wright, “What’s at Stake in the American Empire Debate” (American Political Science Review 101:2, 2007); Hafner-Burton, Kahler, and Montgomery, “Network Analysis for International Relations” (International Organization 63:3, 2009).

 

Wednesday

Bially Mattern, “Why ‘Soft Power’ Isn’t So Soft” (Millennium 33:3, 2005); Krebs and Lobasz, “Fixing the Meaning of 9/11” (Security Studies 16:3, 2007); McCourt, “Role-Playing and Identity Affirmation…” (Review of International Studies 37, 2011).

 

Thursday

Pouliot, “Hierarchy in Practice” (European Journal of International Security 1:1, 2016); Adler-Nissen, “The Diplomacy of Opting Out” (Journal of Common Market Studies 46:3, 2008); Kustermans, “Parsing the Practice Turn” (Millennium 44:2, 2016).

 

Friday

Goddard and Nexon, “The Dynamics of Global Power Politics” (Journal of Global Security Studies 1:1, 2016); Adamson, “Spaces of Global Security” (Journal of Global Security Studies 1:1, 2016); Tilly, “To Explain Political Processes” (American Journal of Sociology 100:6, 1995).

 

Note

All required readings should be available through the course website, but feel free to locate them on your own using your own resources. Readings will be discussed in the daily class sessions, and referenced in the daily lectures. Please come to class with the readings read, and with your copies and notes in hand.

Software Requirements

None. We ruminate and reflect, we don’t compute.

Hardware Requirements

None.

Literature

Dewey and Bentley, Knowing and the Known; Nicholas Rescher, Process Metaphysics; Norbert Elias’s essay “The Thinking Statues” (in The Society of Individuals); Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations.

Krebs and Jackson, “Twisting Tongues and Twisting Arms” (European Journal of International Relations 13:1, 2007); Goddard, “Uncommon Ground” (International Organization 60:1, 2006).

“The promises, problems, and potentials of a Bourdieu-inspired staging of International Relations” (International Political Sociology 5:3, 2011).

Weber, “The ‘Objectivity” of Social-scientific and Socio-political Knowledge”; PTJ, “Causal Claims and Causal Explanation in International Studies” (Journal of International Relations and Development (http://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/jird.2016.13).

Recommended Courses to Cover Before this One

Summer School

Knowing and the Known
Field Research II: Issues in Political, Policy, and Organizational Ethnography and Participant Observation (Dvora Yanow)
Process Tracing Methodology II – Evidence and Empirical Testing in Practice (Derek Beach)
Some network theory

Winter School

Knowing and the Known
Writing Ethnographic and Other Qualitative/Interpretive Research: An Inductive Approach (Dvora Yanow)
Advanced Process Tracing Methods (Derek Beach)
Some network theory

 

Recommended Courses to Cover After this One

Summer School

Knowing and the Known
Field Research II: Issues in Political, Policy, and Organizational Ethnography and Participant Observation (Dvora Yanow)
Process Tracing Methodology II – Evidence and Empirical Testing in Practice (Derek Beach/Hilde Ven Meegdenburg)
Some network theory

Winter School

Knowing and the Known
Analyzing Political Language (Dvora Yanow)
Process Tracing Methods (Derek Beach)
Some network theory