Many theories have emerged to explain Euroscepticism and its variation in relation to the depth and focus of its opposition to European integration across different case studies (Flood and Usherwood 2007; Hooghe et al. 2002; Kopecky & Mudde 2002; Szczerbiak & Taggart 2002). While this body of work has been useful in outlining the concept, empirical evidence from public opinion data and EU referendum campaigns reveals that Euroscepticism is ostensibly far more mainstream than these theories can conceptually accommodate. This paper outlines an initial typology by which the distinction between Euroscepticism and what is labelled ‘Euroalternatives’ can be delineated. It draws on the case studies of the French and Irish referendums but also includes evidence from across the EU specifically in the context of the Eurocrisis.
