As the body of research examining the effect of globalization on parties and voters has grown, scholars have increasingly referred to a new globalization cleavage separating winners and losers of globalization. While much of the work on globalization pressures focuses on demand side responses to globalization, party scholars have also begun to take up these questions to examine party responses. The supply side literature, however, is still underdeveloped in that it focuses on simple right-left ideological changes in order to judge party responses to such pressures. This paper examines whether and how parties respond to globalization on a programmatic level. Instead of relying on right-left ideological changes, the paper uses a new index of programmatic clarity which offers a better measurement of party programmatic strategies. The paper finds clear differences between how different party types adapt their programs to respond to globalization pressures.
