The purpose of this paper is to link theoretical considerations of ‘networks of power’ to a practical case study involving networks acting through social media platforms in order to effect policy change at the EU level. Michel Foucault stated that the study of politics and its effect on law should not be limited solely to institutional analysis, but should also incorporate analysis of the networks of ‘power’ that help to shape and control these institutions. Foucault believed that power is not something that is ‘held’ by a particular actor, but instead as something that circulates through networks. In terms of law and regulation the various institutions and actors within those institutions ultimately constitute ‘nodes’ within a network, in which power is not ‘held’ by one actor, but diffused amongst many, operating through relationships. According to Mueller, this diffused system results in the creation of ‘policy’ or ‘issue’ networks, which can arise either domestically or transnationally, in response to particular policy developments. This paper shall draw upon these theories, in addition to the theories of Manuel Castells, in order to provide a possible framework and explanation for the European Parliament’s rejection of the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA). Prior to developments in early 2012, it appeared that this contentious Agreement would pass without real resistance – however, the development of a policy network comprising both individuals and civil society groups began an awareness campaign on social media platforms that resulted in ‘off-line’ protests throughout the EU. Through a combination of online and offline transnational activism, campaigners appeared to persuade the European Parliament to reject ACTA. This paper, therefore, seeks to demonstrate the way in which the construction of multilateral ‘issue’ networks was able to result in influencing policy actors at a European level.
