Do Fraud and Electoral Malpractices Change? Innovations and Learning Mechanisms from Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan?

This paper aims to analyse malpractices in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. The aim is on one hand to analyse whether malpractices changed over time since early nineties; on the other, this paper assess the presence of learning and/or innovative elements in the way authorities carried out malpractices. Therefore, this paper inserts itself in between a comparative analysis and a study of practices’ innovation and diffusion.