In order to find a sustainable resolution amenable to all parties in the conflict, the mediation process is geared towards achieving mechanisms and agreements that are distinct to the dispute at hand, while at the same time adherent to the values and principles of international law. In this regard, the concept of norm localization could be a useful tool in studying norm diffusion in mediation. While the general concept of norm localization focuses mainly on the strengths of local norms and the presence of local champions, nuancing the concept of norm localization to include an examination of the mediator has the potential not only to broadly describe norm diffusion in mediation, but also to map out the scope of the mediator’s agency to promote norms.
This paper aims to explore this potential by using the norm localization framework in examining the promotion of the norm of inclusivity in the mediation efforts of two African sub-regional organizations, namely, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) in South Sudan, and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in Madagascar. Based on the two case studies, this paper analyzes (1) whether and how inclusivity was diffused in mediation processes, (2) the role of mediators, if any, in norm diffusion with a focus on the opportunities and constraints on their role, and (3) the extent of the applicability of the concept of norm localization in explaining norm diffusion or non-diffusion in mediation. Through literature research and content analysis of key documents, this research aims to provide insights into the above issues as well as the foundation for further field work. Overall, this paper aims to contribute to the research on the agency of the mediator in norm promotion and to the conceptual development of norm localization.
