Online Distance Learning as a Public Policy Tool for Development

Many achievements in technology and information systems have made possible the improvement of many public services. However, in many countries, education remains behind some other sectors regardless of its purpose towards future generations or the resources spent therein. The purpose of this paper is to argue that information and communication technologies are important not only for educational institutions, teachers and learners, but also for policy makers responsible for the development of countries and regions. Potentially, there are some unexploited benefits of online distance learning programmes on which the political actors can also capitalize to gain support and promote development in education and society. First the context of a developing country and the possible drivers and barriers for online distance learning as a changing paradigm and in practical terms are analysed. The discussion starts with the post-communist democracies in some South East European countries of Western Balkans. A parallel can also be drawn with some post-dictatorial ‘Arab Spring’ countries in this context. Secondly, this reflexive study intends to discuss how online distance learning can guide educational policy for higher access and development, and be implemented in practice. The methodology and research will be based on a critical review of secondary policy documents, reports and publically available information on selected countries. The preliminary findings of this study suggest three elements that can radically change education policies not only in transition economies, but in general: 1) Virtual Learning Environments, 2) Mobile Communication Tablets, and 3) Wireless Internet Connections. Massive Open Online Courses from leading institutions and their impact on educational policies will also be discussed. The original contribution of this study is that it takes a holistic approach to online distance learning as a public policy tool for development, beyond specific classes, courses, and institutions.