The Securitization of Energy Systems: The Quest for a Holistic Maritime Energy Security Strategy

The paper aims to examine the impact of recently discovered hydrocarbons in the Eastern Mediterranean on the region’s geopolitical landscape and on the emergence of a securitization approach to the energy system. Drawing from the discussion initiated at previous ECPR Conferences and adopting the main hypothesis that ‘Diplomatic means, although essential, are not adequate enough to meet the numerous complex challenges to contemporary energy security’ the paper’s main aim will be to answer the main research question, which, through the lens of securitization theory, questions, ‘Is there a necessity for a Comprehensive Maritime Energy Security Strategy?’. To this end, the paper will adopt the following ‘three-step’ approach analysis: a. Examine the extent to which securitization theory and constructivism are intertwined in energy systems b. Build a workable definition of the energy system c. Examine existing and potential threats to this system Following a constructivist approach, the analysis is not limited in the “How” but tries to answer the ”What” and “Why” questions. Hence, It will present the reasons for adopting a securitization approach to the energy system (energy security) by reviewing current discourse on energy security (what components of the energy systems are securitized by each actor and why). It will show the interconnection of this approach with constructivism, and the relevance of the latter theory, by examining the approach of different both state and non-state actors (EU,US,UK,IEA) to the very definition of energy security. Then, by questioning current definitions of the concept of energy systems, the paper will make an effort to compose a workable definition of the system, applicable to this specific analysis. This inquiry will be based on the argument that the energy system is a social product of domestic and external state interaction. Furthermore, the study will explore the reasons for the rapid growth of discourse on securitizing the energy systems and try to identify the existing and potential threats to these systems; threats which could be defined as both soft and hard powered. Finally, through the analysis, the paper will provide a concrete and credible answer to the main research question and suggest potential principles for a comprehensive EU Maritime Energy Security Strategy.