White Male Supremacy and the Intersectionality of Hate in the US and European Far-Right: A Scoping Review

BACKGROUND: In recent years, scholarship on far-right ideologies has expanded significantly. However, there is limited synthesis of research addressing how white supremacy intersects with male supremacy within the far-right. This convergence – which Rembert Browne called the “intersectionality of hate” – includes intertwined stances of racism, xenophobia, misogyny, anti-feminism, and anti-LGBTQIA+ stances, often underpinned by conspiracy theories like the Great Replacement or White Genocide. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to systematically map the academic literature on the convergence of white and male supremacy within the far-right in the United States and Europe, identifying conceptual patterns, empirical gaps, and future research opportunities. DESIGN: Following PRISMA-ScR checklist and JBI’s guidelines, we conducted a scoping review using the Population-Concept-Context framework. Eligible sources were English-language peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2008 and 2024 that address the intersectionality of hate in European and US far-right. Searches were conducted across Scopus, JSTOR, and Google Scholar, yielding 1,351 papers. After deduplication and screening, 43 articles were included. A thematic synthesis was conducted using a three-tiered framework, generating eleven primary codes grouped into four descriptive themes. RESULTS: Over half of the studies showed a low degree of intersectionality (i.e., encompassing a single descriptive theme). Over a quarter of the studies engaged with medium intersectionality (i.e., two descriptive themes), while only seven papers showed a high degree of intersectionality (i.e., combining three or all four descriptive themes). Across the sample, most studies were based in the US, and conceptual/theoretical and qualitative studies predominated. Key gaps include limited empirical research on radical right and institutional contexts, lack of quantitative approaches (longitudinal, content, or experimental studies) and ethnography, as well as under-exploration of European contexts, digital platforms like Telegram or X, and entertainment vectors of radicalisation. CONCLUSIONS: The intersectionality of hate within the far-right is under-researched in its full complexity. Future research should explore how racial and gender ideologies converge within the radical right in institutional, policy, and youth education settings. Methodologically, more longitudinal, ethnographic, and mixed-methods studies are needed, along with ethnography and experimental surveys to understand what triggers white male supremacist beliefs. A more comprehensive understanding of the ideological, emotional, and technological vectors that bind white and male supremacy is crucial for designing effective counter-radicalisation and social resilience strategies.