In this article we develop a theoretical argument that could lead to a more optimistic outlook on the present state of accountability. By moving beyond the unidimensional electoral and parliamentary means of holding governments to account, we attempt to gain a full understanding of the richness of the concept of accountability, without losing the clarity of its core meaning. If we combine the different forums and functions of accountability in a more open and flexible manner, the possibilities to hold power to account seem to be larger than ever. The main reason is that functions no longer depend on the well-functioning of a single forum and each forum serves multiple functions. In order to study accountability on a more systematic and empirical basis we urgently need an agreed upon conceptual framework. We aim to contribute to this much wanted coming to terms with accountability.
