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Backsliding democracy? A political sociology perspective

Cleavages
Democracy
Environmental Policy
European Union
Extremism
Nationalism
Populism
Political Sociology
S08
Cecilia Biancalana
Università degli Studi di Torino
Johannes Kiess
University of Siegen

Endorsed by the ECPR Standing Group on Political Sociology


Abstract

This section scrutinizes the multifaceted dimensions of backsliding democracy through a political sociology lens, addressing the global trend of concern and its implications for democratic systems in Europe and beyond. By examining factors such as identities, the pandemic, ongoing wars, environmental sustainability, and shifts in the world of work, we aim to unravel the complex web contributing to our understanding of this phenomenon. Democracy faces threats both internally and externally. Internally, our exploration centres around the theme of identities and identity politics. In particular, the resurgence and broad success of far-right, right-wing, and populist actors, coupled with the intricate relationships between multiple identities, poses a significant risk to the basis of representative democracies. Examining the impact of diverse and overlapping identities at individual, societal, and global levels on democratic processes, we seek to identify instances where these identities either facilitate democratic backsliding or act as catalysts for resilience and progress. We therefore delve into the dynamics of identity politics, including national populism mobilizations, with a particular focus on anti-pluralist attitudes and the relationship between populism and conspiracy theories. How do populist parties in government impact the European Union? In which ways do populism and conspiracy threaten the basis of democratic polities? Externally, not only European democracies face what has been defined as a "polycrisis", but have also do deal with two strong transformative forces: the digital and environmental transitions. While these transitions hold potential benefits for democracy, they also present threats. Therefore, we address the pressing issues of sustainability and climate change, examining the role of governments in exacerbating or addressing environmental challenges. The discussion encompasses instances where governments may act irresponsibly, suppressing environmental protests or prioritizing short-term gains over long-term environmental stability, leading to democratic decline. Moreover, we plan to inquire into how political sociology engages with environmental protection and degradation. Simultaneously, the impact of the digital transition on the evolving world of work is a crucial aspect that demands attention. The transformations in labour dynamics, marked by automation, the rise of gig economies, and shifts in workplace structures, carry profound implications for democratic systems. Our examination seeks to determine whether these changes empower or disempower citizens in their engagement with democratic processes. How do economic disparities and workplace inequalities contribute to democratic backsliding? Finally, a pivotal question emerges: how is Europe responding to democratic backsliding? To develop this inquiry, we delve into the specific strategies, policies, and initiatives undertaken by European nations and the EU to counteract democratic decline. We critically assess the effectiveness of these responses and explore potential areas for improvement or further intervention. In conclusion, the comprehensive analyses in this section endeavor to enrich our comprehension of the challenges confronting contemporary democracies through the lens of political sociology. By shedding light on the intricate interplay of various factors, from identity politics to environmental transitions and digital transformations, our exploration seeks to provide an integrated and multi-disciplinary perspective. Consequently, this section invites panel proposals from various disciplinary angles and multiple methodologies. It is important to note that the mentioned themes serve as illustrative examples. We welcome contributions on a wide spectrum of topics pertaining to democratic erosion. By engaging in a comprehensive analysis of these themes, this section aims to provide fresh insights and critical perspectives on the challenges that democratic governance faces in the contemporary world, contributing to a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics that shape the future of democracy.
Code Title Details
P041 Anti-pluralist attitudes and social cleavages in comparative perspective I View Panel Details
P042 Anti-pluralist attitudes and social cleavages in comparative perspective II View Panel Details
P211 How conspiracy theories challenge liberal democracies View Panel Details
P259 Mechanisms of Democratic backsliding and Re-authorisation of former post-socialist regimes in Southeast and Central Europe I View Panel Details
P260 Mechanisms of Democratic backsliding and Re-authorisation of former post-socialist regimes in Southeast and Central Europe II View Panel Details
P362 Pulling democracy up by its bootstraps? Or why contemporary democracy is so complicated View Panel Details
P429 The European far and radical right-wing populism: Emerging issues View Panel Details
P444 The Political Sociology of Environmental Degradation and Protection I View Panel Details
P445 The Political Sociology of Environmental Degradation and Protection II View Panel Details
P509 Democracy under pressure: the intersection of populism, conspiracism, and global shifts in modern governance View Panel Details
V162 EU actors and instruments addressing the autocratisation challenge in the EU’s dissensus-stricken neighbourhood View Panel Details