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The limits of Global Europe? The (geo)politicization of EU trade and other external policies

Participation
European Union
VIR24
Niels Gheyle
Université catholique de Louvain
Michael Strange
Malmö University

Tuesday 08:30 - 17:00 BST (19/04/2022)

Wednesday 08:00 - 16:00 BST (20/04/2022)

Over the past 15 years, the evolution of European trade policy can be described as a boom cycle, kickstarted by the paralysis of the WTO Doha round, and ending in sclerosis of bilateral engagement. ‘Global Europe’ was able to overcome the challenges of multilateralism to exchange market access for trade concessions with developing countries. Scholarly memory, however, casts this period in light of its biggest controversies, focused on highly controversial and politicized trade deals like TTIP or CETA. Many contributions have been made about this ‘new politics’ of trade, and patterns of contestation in particular, in a field where such analysis was largely absent due to the depoliticized nature of EU trade policy. There have been special issues on this topic of ‘EU trade politicization’ in the Journal of European Integration (2017), Journal of European Public Policy (2019), Politics & Governance (2020) and the Journal of Common Market Studies (2021), with special debate sections in JEPP (2017), and New Political Economy (2020). Yet in the midst of scholarly attempts at grasping the various dynamics at work, Covid-19 and rising geopolitical tensions between other trading blocs are transforming the EU’s approach to trade – and to external action in general. Objectives such as sustainability, supply chain security, and strategic autonomy, are all increasingly prioritized in the consideration of trade agreements. Other policy tools, such as a weaponization of unilateral measures (mainly with China in mind), a stronger enforceability and implementation of trade deals, and a focus on the ‘living’ aspect of trade agreements, are receiving additional consideration. EU trade policy scholars are therefore grappling with a rapidly changing policy agenda. On one hand, they have positioned themselves to analyze the demands by civil society actors for the democratization of EU trade policy. On the other, the economic efficiency arguments which civil society challenges are being replaced by ‘strategic’ arguments based on health, environmental, or security considerations. The key rationale for this workshop is therefore to bridge the focus on politicization of trade policy with its recent ‘geopolitical’ turn, and reflect on how they can cross-fertilize. In our view, both tendencies can be seen as manifestations of the ‘limits’ of Global Europe. On one hand, the drive for more and deeper liberalizing agreements has been contested by activists, interest groups, and political parties because of its undemocratic character, showing the internal limits of EU action. On the other hand, EU trade policy appears to be reconfiguring in response to interpretations of external limits, as policymakers grapple with questions about sustainability, supply chain security, and geo-economics. By studying the dynamic between internal and external limits – how ostensibly exogenous constraints are internalized by a political system – we can better understand the changing character of our own field while contributing to political science more generally. Parallel and divergent trends of (de)politicization and strategic autonomy in other policy fields will enrich this academic discussion on the limits of Global Europe, helping to draw out the greater relevance of this highly specific research agenda.

In this Workshop we invite researchers from different stages in their careers (PhD, postdoc, professor) to present new ideas and ongoing (unpublished) work. We have the specific aim to host a gender-balanced workshop which reflects a diversity of academic expertise. The participants will be selected based on their interest to engage with (geo)politicization dynamics in EU trade or other external policies. In particular, we presume our workshop will be interesting for different kinds of political scientists, related to three sub-themes which we see as essential for bridging the gap between the internal and external limits of Global Europe. A first target group is political sociologists, comparative political scientists, and network scientists, who aim to dig deeper into the (changing) patterns of politicization in EU trade and other external policies. This includes looking at how politicization dynamics are connected over time, across countries, and across contemporaneous agreements. It also takes into consideration the enabling conditions for politicization within the period of Global Europe, how they are changing, and who is enabled or constrained by this shift. Since changing networks and opportunity structures imply a shift in actor involvement, we invite contributors who want to investigate how change is linked to an expansion of conflict from the ‘usual suspects’ to a wider variety of actors and audiences. Secondly, the workshop should be appealing to social movement and interest group scholars aiming to study dynamics beyond politicization. Either in order to investigate political dynamics that take place in the aftermath of a politicized episode, or ‘in-between’ the episodes which attract the attention of (trade) scholars. What are the consequences of politicization for the campaigners, organizations, and alliances who were engaged in the visible public battles against TTIP, CETA, Mercosur and CAI? What happens to the material and cultural resources produced during these times? Crucially, if we look at the politicization of trade in isolation, we might neglect ‘peak episodes’ of the Global Justice Movement more broadly, implying connections between different policy activism areas. Thirdly, International Relations and Global Governance scholars will find the EU’s shift towards an open, strategic, and sustainable trade policy particularly interesting, with its stronger emphasis on non-trade objectives, and its differentiation in terms of the policy tools used to reach these objectives (unilateral action, informal forums, plurilateral engagement). In this respect, we are particularly hopeful to receive contributions from scholars working in areas beyond EU trade policy such as the Common Foreign and Security Policy, external action, or international security more broadly. As the shifts towards ‘Strategic Autonomy’ in these areas were already recognizable pre-Covid, trade scholars will benefit from seeing various types of trade agreements as part of a wider evolution which crosses countries and issue areas. By bringing together this variety of political scientists studying EU trade and other external policies in light of the ‘limits of Global Europe’, we believe this Workshop will be a key moment in the study of our changing policy field, and a stepping stone for future cooperation and joint publications.

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