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Main Right Party Responses to Radical Populist and Extremist Party Positioning in Central Europe

Europe (Central and Eastern)
Cleavages
Democracy
Extremism
Political Parties
Reinhard Heinisch
Universität Salzburg
Kristina Hauser
Universität Salzburg
Reinhard Heinisch
Universität Salzburg

Abstract

Drawing on data from the Chapel Hill Expert Survey and case profiles, the paper traces the interaction between main right parties and (radical) right party competitors, to determine, whether the former adopt dismissive, accommodationist-convergent, accommodationist-cooperative, or, adversarial responses. Assuming that main right parties are forced to respond strategically to right party competitors, we examine in this the role of the dominant cleavage structure (socioeconomic or socio-cultural), the initial position of the main right party, the cost/pressure associated with changing a long-established position, the issue dimension involved (economic vs. exclusivist), and decision of cooperating with parties with more complementary or more compatible positions. Drawing on the literature, we argue that regime legacies and the role of the EU accession process on party realignment have structured party competition such that contestation occurs primarily over socioeconomic or socio-cultural issues. In the latter case, we expect main right parties to move to the right either to converge on positions of a far-right competitor or to prevent challenges from the right. If contestation is centered on the economic issue dimension, we assume main right parties be more constrained in their ability to accommodate right party competitors and rather engage in cooperation to form a right or center-right bloc to compete with a center-left bloc. With respect to European integration, which we consider containing both socio-cultural and socioeconomic aspects, the behavior of right main parties and far right parties tends to diverge. While we are extremely cautious in interpreting our findings, we find some support for our assumptions.