Satisfaction of Group Identity Demands After Conflict and Long-Term Support for Violence

Although many theories assume that conflict is, at least in part, driven by grievances, we know little about the different micro-level effects of identity concessions at the end of conflict on the civilians within a territory and how they impact on the subsequent peace and post-conflict reconciliation. Group identity demands, such as right to language, religion and culture, are concessions that are relevant and visible to the public. We can expect that the satisfaction of these demands therefore reduces the micro-level sense of grievance and makes a return to conflict less likely. This research studies the aftermath of an ethno-territorial conflict in Aceh, Indonesia, characterized by atrocities against the local people, and where a peace agreement was signed in 2005 between the Indonesian government and the rebel group GAM (Free Aceh Movement). I use a range of survey experiments in an original survey in Aceh to examine long-term effects of identity claims. I find that concessions over identity increase feelings of being respected and pride in the region. However, support for those who fought for these concessions does not sustain over time. The findings have implications for peace agreement negotiations and post-conflict management.