Getting in Line: Synchronizing Mechanisms in Inter-organizational Networks

The study of network and collaborative governance recognizes the need for collaborative actions within inter-organizational networks. However, this field often neglects the temporal aspects and complexities arising from temporal differences among network members. Organizational life-cycle stages, diverse perceptions of time, varied work paces, task rhythms, and differing ideas about time allocation present challenges within these networks. Moreover, the absence of shared temporal norms complicates coordination within the network. Our research identifies the likelihood of temporal mismatches, termed 'a-synchronicity', when multiple actors collaborate in inter-organizational networks. We argue that achieving temporal coordination or 'synchronization' among network members is crucial for effective collaboration. Drawing on the concept of entrainment—adjusting the pace or cycle of one activity to synchronize with another — we delve into understanding how entrainment is achieved and the circumstances under which it is pursued. Our primary inquiry focuses on when and how synchronizing mechanisms are utilized in inter-organizational networks to manage and mitigate a-synchronicity. To answer this, we conduct an in-depth case study of three projects within the 'Norwegian Scenic Routes' program, offering a unique empirical setting with diverse actors collaborating to develop and maintain scenic routes across Norway. Beyond contributing to network governance literature and advancing our comprehension of time's role in organizations, our work holds significant practical implications. Indeed, in the absence of an in-depth understanding of the nature, conditions and implications of such synchronizing mechanisms and temporal coordination practices within networks, we cannot develop organizational strategies that effectively target the synchronization and optimization of network members’ activities. In essence, our research seeks to uncover the intricacies of temporal coordination in inter-organizational networks, utilizing a specific program as a case study to shed light on synchronization mechanisms and their implications for effective collaboration and organizational strategies.