Excluding Some to Prevent the Discrimination of Others? A Measure of New Anti-Immigrant Discourses by Western European Political Parties

A recent body literature has focused on the effect of femonationalism and homonationalism (Turnbull-Dugarte and López Ortega 2023). The first term describes the use by Populist Radical Right Parties (PRRP) of gender equality argument in order to argue against immigration, the second the same process by using the right of gay people. While findings about the effect of these arugmentations are emerging, there is no concrete measure of the presence of femonationalism and homonationalism. Moreover, the few qualitative analyses of this discourse only focus on PRRP (Bader and Mottier 2020; Colella 2021). Finally, I argue that femonationalism and homonationalism are only two examples of a broader rhetoric in which anti-immigration actors justify their positions by using the rights of an historically discriminated group. I argue that this is for example also the case with the security of Jewish people, used as argument against immigration. I call this judeonationalism. Using quantitative text analysis methods on about 150 000 press releases in 4 different Western European countries, I create a measure of the presence of this rhetoric and find that femonationalism, homonationalism and judeonationalism are present in Western European countries. This discourse is mostly used by PRRP. However, Liberal and conservative parties also use this rhetoric significantly in the countries analyzed.