Bolstering Autocracy, Hindering Democracy: Local Stakeholders’ Perspectives on the Effects of EU Migration Policy Externalisation in Morocco

This article explores how the European Union’s externalisation of migration policies affects democratisation in Morocco, drawing on the perspectives of local stakeholders, including government officials, civil society actors, and frontline bureaucrats. While the EU frames its partnership with Morocco as grounded in shared and normative values, the findings show that migration (control) priorities often take precedence over democratic reforms. Using a multilevel theoretical framework that combines structural factors with the agency of domestic actors, the analysis identifies three key dynamics: the prioritisation of migration control over democratic progress, the consolidation of Morocco’s authoritarian power through the externalisation bargain, and the marginalisation of civil society and migrants, intensifying their repression and curtailing their capacity to advocate for change. Based on qualitative fieldwork, this study highlights how these policies redistribute resources and power in ways that bolster autocratic structures and hinder democratic reform. By focusing on the lived experiences of local stakeholders, the article sheds light on how the EU’s approach to migration can inadvertently undermine democratisation in Morocco.