360 degrees overview of Presidential Veto in Latvia

One of the Presidential leadership aspects within the framework of political governance in Latvia is decision making on the legislative veto. A comprehensive study of a presidential veto in parliamentary republic maps and explains patterns of reasoned and written requests of the State presidents for sending laws for reconsideration. The study determines the motives of applying veto. The determined motives make this study distinctive, as they might be used in other democratic parliamentary republics. The study is based on the original data set and interviews with all State presidents of Latvia since regaining independence until 2021. The study uses a mixed research design (sequential research design) and mixed methodology. The advantage of this approach lies in the possibility to detail and expand the results integrating data at the interpretation stage. 360 degrees overview of Presidential Veto in Latvia breaks new ground in two ways. First, it analyses 87 written and reasoned requests sent by State Presidents for reconsidering 88 laws, pointing out the motives for not proclaiming the law. It also analyses the reaction of the Parliament of Latvia (Saeima) to written and reasoned requests, observance of the standard operating procedures (SOP), starting from expressing objections or suggestions until the promulgation of the law, as well as the policy field and industry of the law, sent for reconsideration, and the Saeima responsible commission. Second, it analyses how network governance, which has been considered as one of the public participation forms in the decision-making process, succors the decision-making process by involving stakeholders and other groups of society.