Generalized crises, socio-economic implications and effects on social inclusion and social capital dynamics

The recent health crisis of the new coronavirus and the inability to reduce its spread has most vividly demonstrated the need for states and societies to be prepared to deal with generalized threats, which are almost impossible to contain completely. The hybrid threats of the social and economic model of the country can include those who, with deceit or not, are able to destabilize the normal functioning of the rights of the citizens and to hit even more the vulnerable social groups. Thus, a pandemic, a large wave of migration or a short-lived military operation can be characterized as such and can destabilize societies, increase social exclusion and negatively affects communities and social capital. The purpose of this paper is on the one hand to make an effort to assess the future risks that a state may face from generalized crises and on the other hand to propose a framework of preparedness measures to ensure the smooth continuation of the state and society in such situations with the least impact on citizens, local communities, social capital and especially on vulnerable social groups. In other words, an attempt is being made to examine the management of COVID-19 magnitude threats in the general socio-economic context. The aim is to ensure a preparedness mechanism for the next major crisis and to make its footprint less destructive to the economy and society and more protective of vulnerable social groups, communities and social structures. With a view to the post-COVID era, we must design a sustainable present and a more predictable future by building a political culture of inclusion in both the bottom-up and top-down dimensions.