Leveraging Regional Differences and Cross-Border Collective Institutions in Europe: The Case of Skill Formation and Employment in the Border Region of France, Germany, and Switzerland

European cross-border regions often display substantial political and economic activity. A key example is the French-German-Swiss Upper Rhine region, where three distinct national governance models come together. In this dynamic cross-border industry cluster, traditional political-administrative units often do not meet the functional needs of employers and (future) employees. This comparative institutional analysis refers to Varieties of Capitalism and Local Production Systems perspectives to explore the operations of this cluster. It finds two main patterns through which education and training are embedded in the cross-border context: on the one hand, the leveraging of distinct institutional advantages in the different parts of the region and, on the other, the creation of cross-border collective competition goods in the form of jointly provided educational institutions. Through these two regional Europeanization strategies, local actors within the cross-border industry cluster can turn their peripheral location into an institutional advantage.