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Polarisation in European Union politics: The 2024 European Parliament elections and beyond

P018
Katjana Gattermann
University of Amsterdam
Aleksandra Sojka
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Tuesday 09:00 – Friday 17:00 (20/05/2025 – 23/05/2025)
European Parliament (EP) elections have for a long time been studied for their second-order character. With the rising politicisation of EU integration in recent years, scholars have started to investigate the extent to which EP elections have become first-order in their own right. Indeed, there have been indications that distinct types of party competition, voter behaviour, media coverage and public opinion around EP elections can no longer be attributed to second-order characteristics. This workshop aims to explore these dynamics against the backdrop of the most recent elections of 2024, held amid a highly polarised political landscape.
The 2024 EP elections were held in times of increasing polarisation. The Covid-19 pandemic has deeply affected European societies in terms of trust , the contestation of civil liberties, and the role of (mis)information. Migration and refugee policies have taken centre stage again in public and political discourse, involving also contestation of freedom of movement (see, Sojka et al., 2024) or minority rights as core elements of liberal democracy (eg see Abubakar et al., 2024). At the same time, external threats, most notably from Russia amid its illegal war against Ukraine, have raised fear among European citizens and created divergent preferences for how to deal with the conflict. All of these developments are also accompanied by crucial transitions — green, tech and demographic ones — that affect the world economy and put European labour markets and industries under pressure. This complex landscape underscores the need for scholarly engagement to better understand how polarisation reshapes EU politics. We invite scholars to submit papers that engage with the evolving nature of polarisation in EP elections and its effect on EU politics more broadly. The workshop will approach the EU as a continental political system and seek to evaluate the effects of polarisation in the context of European integration politicisation. This workshop aims to foster an informed discussion encouraging approaches from political behaviour, political communication, public opinion, and party competition. It is open to diverse theoretical perspectives on the impact of polarisation in EU politics in the 2024 elections and beyond.
Abubakar, I., Langella, R., & Meda, N. (2024). Europe’s anti-migration policies: the need to reverse a trajectory towards death, despair, and destitution. The Lancet, 403(10443), 2465–2467. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00922-x Devine, D., Gaskell, J., Jennings, W., & Stoker, G. (2021). Trust and the Coronavirus Pandemic: What are the Consequences of and for Trust? An Early Review of the Literature. Political Studies Review, 19(2), 274–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478929920948684 Eberl, J., Huber, R. A., & Greussing, E. (2021). From populism to the “plandemic”: why populists believe in COVID-19 conspiracies. Journal of Elections Public Opinion and Parties, 31(sup1), 272–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2021.1924730 Engler, S., Brunner, P., Loviat, R., Abou-Chadi, T., Leemann, L., Glaser, A., & Kübler, D. (2021). Democracy in times of the pandemic: explaining the variation of COVID-19 policies across European democracies. West European Politics, 44(5–6), 1077–1102. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2021.1900669 Gattermann, K., De Vreese, C. H., & Van Der Brug, W. (2022). Introduction to the special issue: No longer second-order? Explaining the European Parliament elections of 2019. Politics, 41(4), 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/02633957211035096 Hameleers, M., Humprecht, E., Möller, J., & Lühring, J. (2023). Degrees of deception: the efects of diferent types of COVID-19 misinformation and the efectiveness of corrective information in crisis times. Information Communication & Society, 26(9), 1699–1715. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2021.2021270 Schmitt, H., & Toygür, I. (2016). European Parliament elections of May 2014: driven by national politics or EU policy making? Politics and Governance, 4(1), 167–181. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i1.464 Sojka, A., Talving, L., & Vasilopoulou, S. (2024). Free to move, reluctant to share: Unequal opposition to transnational rights under the EU’s free movement principle. European Union Politics, 25(2), 269–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/14651165231215440
1: Has the politicization of EU integration shifted EP elections from second-order to first-order?
2: What are the patterns of party competition, voter behavior, media, and public opinion in the 2024 EP elections?
3: How has polarization, driven by internal and external crises, shaped the dynamics of the 2024 EP elections?
4: How do shifts in technology, environment, and demographics influence EU electoral outcomes and politics?
5: How do the 2024 EP elections reflect broader trends of polarization in European politics?
Title Details
Polarization, Ideology and Voter Participation in European Parliament Elections, 2004-2024 View Paper Details
Eurosceptic Voting after COVID-19: Estimating the Effect of the Pandemic on Euroscepticism in the 2024 EU Election View Paper Details
Polarized partners? The Extreme Right and Left in the 2024-2029 European Parliament View Paper Details
United in Diversity, Divided by Algorithms: Ad Delivery Algorithms in the 2024 European Parliament Elections View Paper Details
How do norms of citizenship shape young people's approaches to elections at national and EU levels in a polarised Europe? View Paper Details
Europeanising the political agenda? Discursive issue-linkages in EP elections View Paper Details
From Second-Order to First-Order? The Impact of EU Politicization on Turnout in European Parliament Elections, a mixed-method approach. View Paper Details
From Second-Order to First-Order? National versus European Determinants in the 2024 European Parliament Elections View Paper Details
Does party polarization at the national level influences turnout in EU elections? A multidimensional party competition approach to polarization and electoral participation in second-order elections View Paper Details
Evolving Dynamics of Voter Behavior and Media Use in the 2024 European Parliamentary Elections: A Cross-National Analysis View Paper Details
Make up your mind! Opinion formation and polarization in EU referendums View Paper Details
Contesting the contest? Media framing effects on the acceptance of election outcomes by European voters View Paper Details
Echoes of Conflict: EU polarisation and voting behaviour in European Elections View Paper Details
Convergence or Divergence? Analyzing Voter and Party Positions on EU Strategic Challenges  View Paper Details
From Votes to Mandates? Assessing the European Commission's Responsiveness to Electoral Preferences View Paper Details
Bridging the Left-Authoritarian Gap: The Emergence and Implications of the Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht (BSW) in German and European Politics View Paper Details
Different crises, same impact? EU issue voting in times of crises View Paper Details
Ideological, Affective, and EU Polarisation: Mobilising Voters in European Parliament Elections View Paper Details
Negative voting in European Parliament elections: Expressive or instrumental? View Paper Details
The Radical Right: masking polarizing discourse? An urgent analysis of the campaign speech for the 2024 European Elections. View Paper Details
From Second-Order to First-Order? Investigating Voter Decision-Making in the 2024 European Parliament Elections View Paper Details
Between Crises and Contention: Politicization of the EU and Political Discourse Europeanisation during the 2019 & 2024 EP Elections View Paper Details