Outsiderness among Young Generations in Europe: A Fuzzy-Set Analysis

This paper uses fsQCA to examine the determinants of outsiderness between young generations in Europe and aims to contribute to the dualisation literature. Dualisation scholars argue that the attempt to save the core manufacturing economy has been the structural driver of dualisation, and emphasise the role of different welfare regimes to explain different degrees of dualisation. What they do not explain is why in some countries it is mostly young labour market participants who are outsiders. Our results identify two paths leading to high degree of outsiderness among young generations: the first covering Southern Europe and the second Anglo-Saxon countries. Both groups have lack of coordination between labour and capital and high levels of liberalisation. This paper argues that functionalist assumptions that downplay conflict and overestimate cooperation underestimate crucial factors also contributing to dualisation.